HSIN Medical DICOM PRINTING SOFTWARE

Table of Contents

Introduction of HSIN Medical Dicom printing software

Introducing HSIN’s exceptional Medical Dicom Printer Software – the ultimate solution for printing medical images with unparalleled precision and convenience. Our cutting-edge dicom printing software is meticulously designed to adhere to the highest medical standards, ensuring seamless printing of medical images that ordinary printers simply cannot handle. Say goodbye to frustrating printing issues and welcome a new era of flawless image output.

Why choose HSIN’s Dicom Printer Software? Let’s delve into the incredible benefits:

Key Features

  • Flawless Image Reproduction: HSIN’s software strictly matches the image size with that of any ordinary printer, guaranteeing the integrity and accuracy of the output. Your medical images will be printed exactly as they were intended, preserving critical details for precise diagnoses.
  • Free of Hassle, Free of Cost: We understand the value of our esteemed customers, which is why we offer this advanced dicom printing software completely free of charge. Experience the cutting-edge technology without any financial burden.
  • Effortless Setup: With no installation required, you can connect seamlessly by adding AE, IP, and Port. No need to waste time on complex installations – just plug in and start printing!
  • Privacy Protection: We prioritize your confidentiality. Our software includes count encryption function, ensuring that your data remains private and secure, and keeping your patients’ sensitive information safe.
  • E-Film Transmission: Embrace the future with our e-film transmission function. Share medical images swiftly and effortlessly, enhancing collaboration and communication among healthcare professionals.
  • Remote Diagnosis Made Easy: Our software supports remote diagnosis and diagnostic report back, enabling efficient consultations and expert opinions from anywhere in the world.

Application

  • Supported Operating Systems: Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows 10.
  • Supported Operating Platforms: ×86 and ×64 platforms.

Embrace a seamless, efficient, and secure solution for printing medical images today.

Transform your medical printing experience with HSIN – Try our Dicom Printer Software now and witness the future of medical image printing! Take the first step towards unparalleled image quality and reliability. Order your free copy today!

DICOM PRINTING SOFTWARE INTERFACES

History, Evolution, & Key Features of DICOM

The DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard is a widely adopted protocol that facilitates the storage, exchange, and transmission of medical images and related data. It plays a critical role in modern medical imaging, ensuring interoperability between devices and systems. Here’s a detailed overview of DICOM, including its history, evolution, and key features.

History and Evolution of DICOM

1. Origins in ACR-NEMA Standard

  • The DICOM standard traces its roots back to 1983, when the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) collaborated to develop a standard for the communication of medical images. This initiative arose from the need to create a common format for medical imaging equipment produced by different manufacturers.
  • The standard’s first version, ACR-NEMA 1.0, was released in 1985. However, this version had limitations, particularly in network communication and image transfer.

2. Transition to DICOM

  • Recognizing the limitations of ACR-NEMA, a new version was developed, and DICOM (then referred to as DICOM 3.0) was officially released in 1993. This version marked a significant step forward, supporting more robust data exchange and network communication protocols.
  • Unlike ACR-NEMA, which focused primarily on image format, DICOM 3.0 emphasized interoperability between various systems, including image acquisition devices, PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems), and hospital information systems (HIS).

3. Ongoing Evolution

  • Since its initial release, DICOM has been continuously updated to keep pace with advancements in imaging technology, communication protocols, and data security. These updates ensure that it remains relevant in an era of rapidly evolving medical technology, including 3D imaging, digital radiography, and AI-driven analysis.
  • DICOM now includes a wide array of capabilities, including image compression, structured reporting, and enhanced data privacy.

Key Features of the DICOM Standard

1. Universal Image Format

  • One of the most important features of DICOM is its standardized image format, allowing medical images and associated data (such as patient information and imaging modality details) to be saved in a common format, regardless of the manufacturer of the imaging device.
  • DICOM files include not only the image data but also metadata related to the patient, study, and equipment settings, which are crucial for accurate diagnosis and record-keeping.

2. Interoperability and Network Communication

  • DICOM allows devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other, making it possible to transfer images and data across a variety of systems, such as CT scanners, MRI machines, X-ray machines, PACS, and electronic health record (EHR) systems.
  • The standard supports the TCP/IP protocol for network communication, enabling the seamless exchange of images and reports over hospital networks or the internet.

3. Integration with PACS and HIS

  • DICOM is integral to PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems), which store, retrieve, distribute, and display medical images. By adhering to the DICOM standard, PACS can interact seamlessly with different imaging devices, ensuring that images and patient data are easily accessible to healthcare professionals.
  • DICOM also supports integration with Hospital Information Systems (HIS) and Radiology Information Systems (RIS), streamlining workflow by enabling patient data to be linked with imaging records.

4. Support for Multiple Modalities

  • DICOM is designed to support a wide range of imaging modalities, including:
    – Radiography (X-rays)
    – Computed Tomography (CT)
    – Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
    – Ultrasound
    – Nuclear Medicine
    – Mammography
    – Digital Pathology
    – Radiation Therapy
    This versatility makes DICOM applicable to a broad array of medical specialties.

5. Data Security and Privacy

  • With the increasing emphasis on data security and privacy in healthcare, DICOM includes provisions for encryption and user authentication, ensuring that sensitive patient data is protected during transmission and storage.
  • DICOM files can be anonymized to remove identifying patient information, which is particularly important for research and education purposes.

6. Compression and Image Quality

  • DICOM supports both lossless and lossy image compression, allowing healthcare providers to optimize storage requirements while preserving image quality. This flexibility is essential for managing the large file sizes typical of medical images.
  • The standard also includes provisions for image quality control, ensuring that images meet the necessary standards for diagnostic use.

7. Structured Reporting

  • DICOM has evolved to include support for structured reports, which allow for the systematic inclusion of textual data alongside images. Structured reports are particularly useful in radiology, where detailed descriptions of findings accompany imaging studies.
  • These reports can be automatically generated, reducing manual data entry errors and enhancing consistency in patient records.

8. 3D and Multiplanar Imaging

  • In recent years, DICOM has expanded to accommodate 3D imaging, which is becoming increasingly common in modalities like CT and MRI. It also supports multiplanar reconstructions, enabling healthcare providers to view images in different planes and dimensions.
  • DICOM facilitates the storage and retrieval of 3D models, which are valuable in complex surgical planning and diagnostic analysis.

Advantages of DICOM

1. Widespread Adoption

  • DICOM is the global standard for medical imaging, adopted by healthcare providers and manufacturers across the world. This ensures compatibility and interoperability, reducing technical barriers to sharing medical data between institutions.

2. Enhances Workflow Efficiency

  • By integrating imaging systems with hospital information systems, DICOM improves workflow efficiency, reducing delays in the transfer and interpretation of medical images. This ultimately leads to faster diagnosis and treatment.

3. Scalability

  • DICOM is designed to be scalable, meaning it can be used by both small clinics and large hospitals with extensive imaging needs. This makes it versatile and adaptable for a wide range of healthcare settings.

4. Future-Proofing

  • The continuous evolution of DICOM ensures that it can adapt to new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, as well as emerging imaging modalities. This makes it a future-proof solution for healthcare providers.

Challenges of DICOM

1. Complexity: The DICOM standard is comprehensive and can be complex to implement and manage, particularly in healthcare facilities that may not have robust IT infrastructure or technical support.

2. Storage Requirements: Medical images, especially high-resolution images from modalities like CT and MRI, can require significant storage capacity. While DICOM supports image compression, managing large datasets can still be a challenge for some healthcare institutions.

3. Data Security Risks: As with any system that handles sensitive patient data, DICOM must be properly secured. Healthcare providers must take steps to ensure compliance with HIPAA and other privacy regulations, including the use of encryption and secure transmission protocols.

 

The DICOM standard has revolutionized medical imaging by enabling the seamless exchange of images and data across devices and healthcare institutions. From its origins in ACR-NEMA to its current iteration, DICOM continues to evolve to meet the needs of modern medicine. Its ability to integrate with a wide range of imaging modalities, PACS, and hospital information systems makes it essential for diagnostic imaging and patient care. Understanding the key features, advantages, and challenges of DICOM is critical for healthcare providers seeking to optimize their imaging capabilities.

Types of DICOM Software

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) software plays a crucial role in the storage, management, and analysis of medical images and related data. There are various types of DICOM software available, each serving specific functions in medical imaging, from basic image viewing to complex image analysis and workflow management. Here’s a breakdown of the different types of DICOM software:

1. DICOM Image Viewers

DICOM image viewers are essential tools that allow healthcare professionals to view and interpret medical images. They come in different levels of complexity, from simple viewers to more advanced platforms with features for specialized imaging.

Basic DICOM Viewers

    • Purpose: These viewers are designed for basic image viewing, enabling users to open, view, and manipulate DICOM images. They typically offer simple functionalities like zooming, rotating, and adjusting brightness or contrast.

    • Example Use: Suitable for general practitioners or specialists who need to quickly view images such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs.

    • Examples:

    • RadiAnt DICOM Viewer: A lightweight, fast viewer known for its ease of use and quick access to DICOM images.

    • MicroDicom: A free and user-friendly DICOM viewer with basic editing and export functionalities.

Advanced DICOM Viewers

    • Purpose: These viewers include more advanced features such as 3D rendering, multi-slice viewing, and tools for measurements and annotations.

    • Example Use: Radiologists, surgeons, and other specialists who need more detailed views of anatomy or pathology to make complex diagnoses.

    • Examples:

    • OsiriX: A powerful viewer that supports 3D reconstructions, multi-planar reconstructions (MPR), and 4D image viewing for complex diagnostic tasks.

    • Horos: A free, open-source DICOM viewer built on the same platform as OsiriX, popular for its robust 3D rendering features.

2. PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems)

PACS is a comprehensive software solution for the storage, retrieval, distribution, and presentation of medical images. It integrates with imaging devices, HIS (Hospital Information Systems), and EHR (Electronic Health Record) systems to streamline imaging workflows.

Core Functions of PACS Systems:

    • Image Storage and Retrieval: PACS servers store large volumes of DICOM images and make them easily retrievable by healthcare professionals across the facility or remotely.

    • Image Distribution: PACS enables the sharing of images across departments or facilities, enhancing collaboration between healthcare providers.

    • Integration with Radiology Information Systems (RIS): PACS systems often integrate with RIS to support scheduling, billing, and reporting alongside image storage.

Advantages:

    • Efficient Workflow: PACS enhances the speed of diagnosis by providing quick access to images and reports across the healthcare network.

    • Data Security: PACS ensures secure data transfer and storage, helping institutions comply with regulations such as HIPAA.

Examples:

    • GE Healthcare Centricity PACS: A widely used PACS system known for its scalability and ability to integrate with various imaging modalities.

    • Carestream PACS: Offers cloud-based solutions for smaller hospitals and clinics, with advanced reporting and data management features.

3. DICOM Analysis Tools

Specialized DICOM analysis tools are used for more in-depth study and interpretation of medical images. These tools often include advanced algorithms for image segmentation, 3D modeling, and quantification of specific medical conditions.

Key Features:

    • Image Segmentation: Tools to highlight and isolate specific areas of interest in an image, such as tumors or vascular structures.

    • 3D Reconstruction: The ability to create 3D models from 2D images for more accurate diagnosis and surgical planning.

    • Quantitative Analysis: Allows clinicians to measure structures, calculate volumes, and track changes over time, useful in fields like oncology and cardiology.

Examples:

    • 3D Slicer: A free, open-source platform that offers powerful image segmentation and 3D modeling capabilities, often used in research settings.

    • Amira: A high-end image analysis tool for 3D data visualization and quantification, frequently used in advanced medical research and imaging studies.

4. Radiology Reporting Systems

These systems are designed to complement PACS by streamlining the generation and management of radiology reports. They allow radiologists to annotate images, dictate findings, and integrate the reports with EHRs.

Key Features:

    • Speech Recognition: Many systems include voice recognition software to enable fast, real-time reporting.

    • Structured Reporting: Supports the creation of standardized reports that adhere to specific clinical guidelines.

    • Integration with PACS: Radiology reporting systems integrate seamlessly with PACS to allow radiologists to reference images directly within reports.

Examples:

    • Nuance PowerScribe 360: A widely used radiology reporting platform with speech recognition and structured reporting features.

    • Visage 7: A platform that integrates PACS with advanced reporting tools, allowing real-time collaboration between radiologists and referring physicians.

5. 3D and 4D Image Reconstruction Software

3D and 4D reconstruction software is used to transform 2D DICOM images into 3D or 4D visualizations, which provide more detailed views of anatomical structures.

3D Reconstruction:

    • Purpose: Useful in surgical planning, orthopedics, and radiology, 3D reconstruction provides a more comprehensive view of the patient’s anatomy.

    • Examples: OsiriX MD and Vitrea offer powerful 3D visualization tools that are often used for pre-surgical planning and diagnostic purposes.

4D Imaging:

    • Purpose: 4D imaging includes the dimension of time, making it useful for dynamic studies like cardiac or respiratory imaging.

    • Examples: Siemens Syngo supports 4D cardiac imaging, allowing real-time assessment of heart function.

6. DICOM Converters and Migration Tools

These tools are designed to convert non-DICOM formats to DICOM, allowing older imaging systems to be integrated with modern DICOM-compatible systems. They also assist in migrating large datasets from one PACS or image storage system to another.

Key Features:

    • Format Conversion: Converts legacy image formats into the DICOM standard, ensuring compatibility with current systems.

    • Data Migration: Facilitates the transfer of large volumes of image data between PACS systems without loss of image quality or metadata.

Examples:

    • Orthanc: An open-source DICOM server that offers format conversion, data migration, and other services for managing DICOM files.

    • DicomWorks: A free tool that provides image conversion, viewing, and processing functions.

7. Cloud-Based DICOM Solutions

Cloud-based DICOM solutions offer the advantages of scalability, remote access, and secure off-site storage, making them particularly attractive to smaller practices and clinics.

Key Features:

    • Remote Access: Physicians and radiologists can access images from any location, enabling faster diagnoses and better collaboration between specialists.

    • Scalability: Cloud-based systems are easily scalable, allowing practices to expand their storage and processing capabilities as needed.

    • Cost-Effectiveness: Cloud solutions often eliminate the need for expensive on-premise hardware and IT support.

Examples:

    • Ambra Health: A cloud-based DICOM storage and sharing platform with integrated PACS and image management tools.

    • LifeIMAGE: A platform focused on enabling secure sharing and storing of medical images across healthcare facilities.

 

The variety of DICOM software available allows healthcare providers to choose solutions that meet their specific imaging needs. From basic image viewers to advanced PACS systems and analysis tools, DICOM software enhances diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and interoperability across healthcare settings. The key to optimizing medical imaging processes lies in selecting the right combination of DICOM software based on the facility’s size, budget, and clinical requirements.

Common Troubleshooting Issues and Solution

Common troubleshooting issues with DICOM software, PACS systems, and medical imaging devices can cause disruptions in workflow and affect image quality. Below are some common issues and solutions to help resolve them effectively:

1. Image Loading Failures

  • Problem: DICOM images fail to load or appear incorrectly in the viewer.
  • Causes:
    • Corrupted or incomplete DICOM files.
    • Compatibility issues between the viewer and the image format.
    • Network or server connectivity issues.
  • Solution:
    • Check file integrity to ensure that the image has been fully transferred or exported.
    • Verify that the viewer is compatible with the DICOM format used.
    • Ensure that network connections are stable and server configurations are correct.

2. Slow Image Loading or Retrieval

  • Problem: Images take a long time to load, causing delays in workflow.
  • Causes:
    • Network bandwidth limitations.
    • Large file sizes (e.g., 3D or multi-slice images).
    • Inefficient PACS or DICOM storage architecture.
  • Solution:
    • Upgrade network infrastructure to support higher bandwidth.
    • Compress image files if possible, or use faster image processing algorithms.
    • Optimize PACS configuration and file indexing for faster retrieval.

3. Inaccurate Image Display (Contrast or Brightness Issues)

  • Problem: Images appear too dark, too light, or with incorrect contrast settings.
  • Causes:
    • Incorrect monitor calibration.
    • Inconsistent DICOM tags (e.g., Window Width/Level settings).
    • Image processing issues.
  • Solution:
    • Ensure that diagnostic monitors are properly calibrated according to DICOM GSDF (Grayscale Standard Display Function) standards.
    • Adjust image contrast and brightness using the viewer’s settings or reprocess the image with appropriate DICOM tag values.
    • Use appropriate algorithms for contrast enhancement or window leveling.

4. Corrupted or Missing Metadata

  • Problem: Missing or incorrect metadata in DICOM images affects proper storage, retrieval, and interpretation.
  • Causes:
    • Improper tagging during image capture or transfer.
    • Errors in patient information input.
  • Solution:
    • Use DICOM editors to correct or add missing metadata fields.
    • Ensure consistent tagging protocols in imaging devices to prevent future errors.

5. DICOM File Compatibility Issues

  • Problem: Files cannot be opened or transferred between different systems due to compatibility issues.
  • Causes:
    • Differences in DICOM implementations between systems.
    • Custom tags or proprietary formats used by certain imaging devices.
  • Solution:
    • Use DICOM conversion tools to translate between different DICOM implementations.
    • Standardize on one DICOM version or ensure that all devices are compatible with the latest DICOM standards.

6. Image Transfer Failures Between Devices (PACS, Modalities)

  • Problem: Images fail to transfer between modalities or PACS, resulting in delays.
  • Causes:
    • Network interruptions.
    • Incorrect DICOM configuration (AETitle, port, or IP address mismatch).
    • PACS server limitations.
  • Solution:
    • Verify network connectivity and troubleshoot potential disruptions.
    • Double-check DICOM configuration settings like AETitle and port numbers.
    • Check PACS server logs for errors and consider upgrading server capacity if necessary.

7. PACS System Crashes or Freezes

  • Problem: The PACS system crashes or becomes unresponsive, impacting workflows.
  • Causes:
    • Insufficient memory or processing power.
    • Software bugs or database corruption.
  • Solution:
    • Increase server resources (RAM, CPU) to handle higher image loads.
    • Regularly update the PACS system with software patches and bug fixes.
    • Ensure regular maintenance of the database, including backup and recovery processes.

8. Poor Image Quality

  • Problem: The quality of DICOM images is poor, making diagnosis difficult.
  • Causes:
    • Incorrect exposure settings during image capture.
    • Compression artifacts from improperly compressed images.
  • Solution:
    • Check and adjust the exposure settings in the imaging device.
    • Use lossless compression if possible to preserve image quality.
    • Re-capture the image with optimal settings or request a new scan.

9. Issues with DICOM Printer Output

  • Problem: Images printed from a DICOM printer appear distorted or with incorrect dimensions.
  • Causes:
    • Incorrect printer calibration.
    • DICOM printer settings mismatch.
  • Solution:
    • Recalibrate the printer to ensure accurate dimensions and color/brightness output.
    • Check and update printer settings to match the specifications of the DICOM files.

10. Inconsistent Measurements or Annotations

  • Problem: Measurements or annotations on images are inaccurate or inconsistent.
  • Causes:
    • Incorrect calibration of measurement tools in the DICOM viewer.
    • Software bugs.
  • Solution:
    • Calibrate the measurement tools within the DICOM viewer or PACS.
    • Apply software patches to fix bugs, and verify measurement accuracy with test images.

 

Effective troubleshooting of DICOM software and medical imaging systems requires regular calibration, network optimization, and ensuring compatibility across systems. Addressing common issues such as loading errors, metadata inconsistencies, and image quality problems promptly ensures a smoother workflow, better image management, and improved diagnostic accuracy.

Maintenance and Updates for DICOM Software

Maintaining and updating DICOM software is essential for ensuring optimal performance, compatibility with other systems, and compliance with the latest standards. Here are key aspects to consider for the maintenance and updating of DICOM software:

1. Regular Software Updates

  • Why It’s Important: Regular updates ensure that the DICOM software is compatible with new hardware, operating systems, and other medical systems. They also improve security, fix bugs, and add new features to enhance functionality.
  • How to Implement:
    • Automatic Updates: Enable automatic updates where possible to keep the software up to date without manual intervention.
    • Manual Updates: Schedule periodic reviews of the software and apply updates when available from the vendor. Ensure that updates are tested in a sandbox or test environment before deployment in a live clinical setting.

2. Security Patches

  • Why It’s Important: DICOM software deals with sensitive patient data. Regular security patches help protect against vulnerabilities that could lead to data breaches, unauthorized access, or system crashes.
  • How to Implement:
    • Keep track of vendor security alerts and apply patches as soon as they are available.
    • Work with the IT team to implement firewall rules, data encryption, and secure access to DICOM systems.

3. Backup and Disaster Recovery Planning

  • Why It’s Important: Loss of data due to hardware failure, software corruption, or human error can severely impact operations and patient care. Backup and recovery systems ensure that critical patient images and data can be restored if necessary.
  • How to Implement:
    • Use automated backup solutions to store DICOM files and associated metadata on secure, redundant servers.
    • Regularly test disaster recovery plans to ensure the backup system works and that data can be recovered efficiently.

4. Calibration and Validation

  • Why It’s Important: DICOM systems need to be calibrated and validated periodically to ensure accurate and consistent imaging results. This includes ensuring that image measurements, brightness, and contrast are correct.
  • How to Implement:
    • Use calibration tools provided by the software vendor to adjust settings such as contrast, brightness, and image scale.
    • Perform validation tests to ensure that image quality and measurements comply with DICOM standards and clinical requirements.

5. Compatibility Testing

  • Why It’s Important: Medical imaging environments often consist of multiple devices and software systems (e.g., PACS, RIS, HIS). Ensuring that your DICOM software is compatible with these systems is critical for smooth interoperability.
  • How to Implement:
    • Conduct compatibility testing when integrating new equipment or upgrading software to ensure that DICOM images are transferred and displayed correctly across all systems.
    • Use tools like DICOM conformance statements provided by vendors to assess compatibility with other systems.

6. Performance Monitoring

  • Why It’s Important: Monitoring the performance of DICOM software helps identify potential issues before they lead to system downtime or slow performance. This is particularly important for large healthcare facilities with high volumes of image data.
  • How to Implement:
    • Use built-in diagnostic tools or third-party monitoring software to track system performance metrics such as image retrieval time, storage usage, and system response times.
    • Set up alerts to notify administrators of potential bottlenecks or performance degradation.

7. Data Integrity Checks

  • Why It’s Important: DICOM images and metadata need to remain intact for accurate diagnosis. Data integrity checks ensure that no corruption or loss of data occurs during storage or transmission.
  • How to Implement:
    • Implement regular checks on the DICOM storage system to verify that files are intact and correctly stored.
    • Use checksums or other verification methods to ensure that no data corruption occurs during image transfers or retrieval.

8. Staff Training

  • Why It’s Important: Properly trained staff can prevent many issues before they arise. Continuous education helps staff remain familiar with new features, troubleshooting techniques, and compliance with updated DICOM standards.
  • How to Implement:
    • Provide initial and ongoing training sessions for radiology and IT staff to keep them updated on the latest DICOM software features, protocols, and troubleshooting methods.
    • Create manuals and guides that detail how to perform routine maintenance, backups, and updates.

9. Hardware and Network Optimization

  • Why It’s Important: DICOM software relies on robust hardware and network infrastructure to function efficiently. Maintaining this infrastructure ensures high performance and minimal downtime.
  • How to Implement:
    • Regularly update hardware, including servers and storage devices, to meet the demands of growing imaging volumes.
    • Ensure the network is optimized for high-speed transfers of large DICOM files, and that it has enough bandwidth to handle the facility’s needs.

10. Compliance with DICOM and Regulatory Standards

  • Why It’s Important: DICOM software must comply with regulatory standards to ensure the safety, privacy, and quality of medical imaging.
  • How to Implement:
    • Stay updated with the latest DICOM standards and regulatory guidelines from bodies like the FDA, HIPAA, or regional health authorities.
    • Ensure that your software vendor provides updates that comply with new regulations and that your team implements them on time.

 

Regular maintenance, timely updates, and system optimization are key to ensuring DICOM software runs smoothly and remains compatible with other systems in a medical facility. By keeping the software up to date, addressing security concerns, and ensuring data integrity, healthcare facilities can maintain high standards of performance and diagnostic accuracy.

HSIN CHONG INDUSTRIAL LIMITED

  • +852-92580206, +86-13049830226
  • Frankxwz
  • international@hsinfilm.com
  • NO. 108 HO PAK VILLAGE FANLING NT, HONG KONG
  • Huachuangda Technology Park, Longjing Road, Xinan Street,
    Baoan District, Shenzhen, China